稻田养殖克氏原螯虾重金属监测分析

[目的]了解扬州地区稻田养殖克氏原螯虾的重金属污染情况。[方法]采集了扬州市3个区套养克氏原螯虾稻田的水质、底泥和克氏原螯虾样本,并对其进行了重金属砷、镉和汞的检测和分析。[结果]检测显示,所有监测稻田的水质和底泥的重金属砷、镉和汞的检测值都符合无公害水产品养殖环境要求,环境无明显重金属污染;克氏原螯虾的重金属砷、镉和汞的检测值未超过无公害水产品质量安全要求,也未超过我国水产品规定的最大残留标准,且平均检测值都相对较低,对人的健康风险较小。[结论]研究可为稻田养殖克氏原螯虾的健康发展及质量保证提供参考。     

Cu2+胁迫对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)酚氧化酶原激活系统活性的影响

重金属铜是养殖水体的主要污染物,严重影响甲壳动物的免疫机能。以淡水克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)为实验对象,以亚致死浓度(1.0、3.0、5.0、10.0 mg·L~(-1),96-h LC50=22.14 mg·L~(-1))的Cu~(2+)为胁迫因子,采用静态水质接触染毒法,通过分析血细胞内酚氧化酶原(pro PO)、丝氨酸蛋白酶(SP)以及血淋巴中酚氧化酶(PO)、血蓝蛋白(Hc)和血细胞数(THC)的水平,探讨了Cu~(2+)胁迫对酚氧化酶原激活系统(pro PO-AS)活性的影响。结果表明,与未染毒的对照组相比,Cu~(2+)显著抑制proPO、PO的活性以及THC、Hc的含量(P0.05);但仅在10.0 mg·L~(-1)Cu~(2+)浓度下,SP的活性显著降低(P0.05)。研究结果提示,水体Cu~(2+)对螯虾具有免疫毒性效应,氧化应激导致的血细胞数、血蓝蛋白含量、丝氨酸蛋白酶活性抑制可能是影响pro PO-AS活性的主要机制之一。     

晚稻-虾-鳅耦合养殖技术研究

在面积4 hm~2的稻田中进行了晚稻-虾-鳅耦合养殖试验,利用冬闲稻田除野期间向稻田中移植水草,并根据克氏原螯虾和泥鳅的上市规格、生长周期、生活习性等特点,采用不同设备进行克氏原螯虾和泥鳅的捕捞与分离。结果表明,共收获晚稻30 210 kg、克氏原螯虾5 516 kg、泥鳅1 860 kg,平均渔获量1 844 kg/hm~2,平均利润40 852元/hm~2。     

Acute toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to non‐target crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) associated with rice–crayfish cropping systems

BACKGROUND: Chlorantraniliprole, a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide, was recently introduced into the United States where rice–crayfish crop rotations are practiced to control rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel) infestations. Chlorantraniliprole has high margins of mammalian safety and excellent insecticidal efficacy, but its toxicity to non‐target crayfish is uncertain. In this study, the acute toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii Girard was determined using aquatic and feeding assays. RESULTS: The aquatic 96 h median lethal toxicity (LC₅₀) data indicate that technical‐grade chlorantraniliprole is highly toxic (US EPA category) to crayfish with an LC₅₀ of 951 µg L^?1 (95% CL = 741–1118 µg L^?1). A no observed effect concentration (NOEC) of 480 µg L^?1 was recorded. Neither the 36 day chronic feeding study, where crayfish fed on chlorantraniliprole‐treated rice seed in aquaria, nor the 144 h acute feeding test, where crayfish fed on rice seeds treated with chlorantraniliprole, produced mortality or abnormal behavior. CONCLUSION: Chlorantraniliprole is three orders of magnitude less acutely toxic to P. clarkii than lambda‐cyhalothrin and etofenprox, two pyrethroid insecticides also used in rice, and is less likely to cause acute crayfish toxicity in rice pond ecosystems. Based on acute toxicity data, the use of chlorantraniliprole should be more compatible with rice–crayfish crop rotations than pyrethroids. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

克氏原螯虾苗种规模化繁育技术

为解决克氏原螯虾苗种规模化供应短缺问题,以洪泽湖地区克氏原螯虾为研究对象,在研究、掌握本地区克氏原螯虾繁殖习性的基础上,设计并建设了由700 m2大棚产卵池和50 m2加温孵化温室及若干特制网箱组成的苗种规模化繁育设施.2007年9月分批次将16 443只成熟的克氏原螯虾亲虾放入大棚产卵池特制网箱,通过降低光照、微孔增氧、循环流水等措施,先后获得抱卵虾6 053只,平均抱卵率为45.7%;抱卵虾移入温室后,在控温、流水条件下孵化,获得了平均体长0.88 cm的稚虾76.9万尾,平均孵化率为81.1%.     

细菌糖蛋白对螯虾免疫因子的影响

实验检测了气味黄杆菌的胞外糖蛋白对克氏原螯虾（Ｐｒｏｃａｍｂａｒｕｓ ｃｌａｒｋｉｉ）的几咱非特异性免疫因子－凝集素、酚氧化酶、溶菌、抗菌和超氧化物歧化酶等活力的影响。注射１０ｍｇ糖蛋白后，实验组敖蛳主血清的免疫因子活力均高于对照组，凝集素活力在第１～４天最高；酚氧化酶在第１～５天维持较高活力，最大活力在第２天，溶菌、抗菌活力在第１～６天维持较高水平，分别在第３天、第２天达到最大。与对照组相比，实     

Oral vaccination trials with crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, to induce resistance to the white spot syndrome virus

The potential of oral vaccination against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in crayfish Procambarus clarkii was investigated. The protective effect of binary ethylenimine (BEI)-inactivated WSSV was tested by oral vaccination, followed by an oral challenge with WSSV. The crayfish fed with feed pellets coated with BEI-inactivated WSSV showed a resistance to WSSV on the seventh day post vaccination (dpv). The relative percentage survival values were 60%, 70% and 75% for the vaccinated once, twice and thrice with inactivated WSSV. Following an intramuscular injection experiment, no mortality was recorded in the inactivated WSSV group and the negative control at 17 days post challenge. The cumulative mortalities in the heated WSSV group and WSSV group were 100%. Shrimp that survived the WSSV challenge on the seventh day after cessation of oral vaccination were positive for the presence of WSSV by a polymerase chain reaction assay specific for WSSV. This result indicated that inactivated WSSV could protect crayfish against WSSV by oral delivery.     

克氏原螯虾丝氨酸蛋白酶类似物部分基因的克隆与鉴定

设计简并引物,PCR扩增了克氏原螯虾(Procam barus clarkii)丝氨酸蛋白酶类似物基因的部分序列,通过与GenBank登录的序列进行比对,结果显示该序列编码的氨基酸与其他物种的丝氨酸蛋白酶类似物氨基酸序列有较高的同源性。SMART软件分析发现其催化三联体结构中的丝氨酸被甘氨酸取代,不具备蛋白酶水解活性。     

克氏原螯虾摄食节律的研究

研究了在<100 lx的弱光条件下雌、雄克氏原螯虾的摄食节律。克氏原螯虾具有明显的摄食节律(P<0.01),并且不受性别的影响(P>0.05)。克氏原螯虾在18:00-19:00时摄食量最高(P<0.05);其次为19:00-20:00和14:00-15:00时(P<0.05);克氏原螯虾在其他时段摄食较少。但克氏原螯虾摄食无明显的昼夜节律,与鱼类不同。这些研究结果将为克氏原螯虾的投喂管理、鱼虾混养和水质调控等提供定量依据。     

克氏原螯虾人工诱导繁殖的初步研究

为提高克氏原螯虾育苗过程中亲虾的成活率,利用福尔马林、高锰酸钾、食盐、聚维酮碘和溴氯海因对购进的亲虾进行消毒试验,结果表明:经上述5种常用药物浸泡消毒后,亲虾成活率分别比对照组提高25%、40%、5%、10%和15%,对亲虾采用高锰酸钾消毒效果较好;为提高克氏原螯虾亲虾的抱卵率,采用盐水诱导、雌虾去单侧眼柄诱导、盐水诱导+雌虾去眼柄双重诱导3种不同人工诱导方式诱导亲虾,促使其性腺发育,试验结果显示,经3种诱导方式诱导的亲虾抱卵率分别比对照组提高20%、31%和39%,双重诱导的平均产卵率高于单因子诱导。